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Leicester, an Plus, YORK: Community Hooks, WalmIN EARLIER ARTICLES in this series we saw how Marx first developed the theory of permanent revolution from European revolutions of 1848. We also saw how one of the fundamental bases of this analysis, historically progressive role, has been fully confirmed since.
apoch between the time of the analysis of permanent revolution was first put forward by Marx and Engels, and the time of figures which er discussed such as Nasser and Khomeini.
In this hundred and thirty years the history of the class struggle and of Marxist theory and politics are inseperably connected.
is this more true than in the case of the theory of permanent revolution. Al time this theory of Marx and Engels, and later development by Trotsky VINCE full prominence by revolutionaries. Tundamental worke in the fundamental work which Trotsky first developed at length the application of the theory of permanent revolution to Russia was bilblished oi the Communist International in both Russian and other languages.
In the new introduction which he wrote 1919 for the book Trotsky noted possible for us now to re1551C CITETENOR this pamphlet written in 190h and conceived in Is fundamental lines already in 1904... (shows that)the final test of a theory is exBut of course there lies a whole historical *Irrefutable proof of our having correctly applied Marxist theory given by the fact that the participating and even our of participating them, WETE ago. (2)
tion OI works, published his sky, tore the ed the theor that ESSCERTI LITE of 1905 directly tions. (D)
the Revolution took place however attack launched the rising August 1939, in an article entitled Conceptions of the Russian Revolution, *It may said that the whole of Stalinism, the theoretical plane, grew out the criticism theory of permanent revolution as it was formulated in 1905'°.(3)
Stalin however put forward two charges against the theory or permanen revornon which have been repeated this day. his tollowers down to first charge was that Trotsky 'underestimated the Stalin OCENTELL We shall not dwell at length Trotsky' s position in 1905 when he "simply forgot all abour the peasantry as a revolutionary force. (4)
The second charge was that Trotsky held that the Russian Revolution OF 1917 had confirmed the theory of permanent revolution as ne nad put 1 forward in Results and Prospects from 1905 onwards. Stalin wrote, The new Trotskyism does not deem necessar! to openly uphold the theor revolu"simply"
Revoluconfirmed the idea of the *permanent revolution" (5 As regards the first of these charges, that *underestimating the le Furinera, a a Furthermore, shall discuss later, it was ridiculous lie because peasantry in Russia were actually circulated by the Bolsheviks themselves with full agreement at the time.
But on the second point Stalin was absolutely right as to what was at stake Ine Revolution of 1917 did confirm both Marx's views of 1848 and Trotsky's theory of 1905. Trotsk: applied that analysis to world politics until the end of his life. As the United revolutionary Joseph Hansen wrote in 1966, In tribute to Marx. who formulated the general idea, Trotsky named this theory. which permeates all - his writings and guides all his activities from 1905 on, the theory permanent revolution. *(6)
In the next weeks we will look at how theory was developed by Trotsky and applied to Russia (1) Trotsky — History of the Russian Revolution Appendo Permanent Revolution p32 (3) Trotsky Writings 1939-40 (4) Stalin - On the Oppos: tion pl47 (S) Stalin — On the Opposi tion p/35 (6) Hansen - Dynamics of The Cuban Revolution p330
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