by one basic of the international into HUYC justified , determine word than on two civil war of 1918-20.
Robespierre oppression.
military measures. O. Do you, as the former head of the Red Armies, feel it was necessary for the Soviets to Ine Baltic states, Finland, Poland, to better defend themselves against aggression? Do you believe that a socialist state in extending socialism neighbour state by force of arms?
A. It cannot be doubted that control over the military bases on the Baltic coast represents strategical advantagés. But this alone cannot the question of invasion neighbouring states. The defence of an isolated workers' state devends much more on the support of the labouring masses all over the taree suppiemellar. strategical points. This is proven incontrovertibly by the history of foreign intervention in our said that people do not like missionaries with bayonets. Naturally that does not exclude the right and duty to give military aid from without to peoples rebelling against For example in 1919 when the Entente strangled the Hungarian revolution, we naturaliy had the right to help Hungary by This aid would have been understood and justified by the inasses of the world. Unfortunately we were too + weak... At present the Kremlin is much stronger and country and abroad.
there WYCIC USSR; the to a accompanied by equality; if the masses, Moscow of the road of union with the USSR.
of the USSR, particularly minorities, by majority of the neighbouring countries from invasion the Red labouring than advantages to the USSR, from a military point of view. However, it has lost the confidence of the masses both inside the Soviet democracy in the technological progress the increase socialist bureaucracy were witherine away, giving place to the self-government of the would represent such tremendous power of attraction, particularty for its nearest neighbours, that the present world catastrophe would inevitably throw the masses of Poland (not only Ukrainians and White Russians but also Poles and Jews] as well as the masses oi the Baltic border states on fe At present this important pre-condition for revolutionary intervention exists, if at all, in a very small degree. The strangling of the peoples national police methods repelled the toiling masses Moscow. The Army is seen by the populations not as an act of liberation but as ar act of violence, and thereby facilitates the mobilisation of world public opinion agains the USSR by the imperialist powers. That is why it will bring in the last instance more har Socialist Challenge 10 January 1980 Page 5
massive influx of Soviet troops?
prepare the intervention by the West. TWO MONTHS AGO, a secret sympathiser of the Parcham (Flag)
Democratic Party of Afghanistan [PDPA] told me that they would be back in power months. I didn't believe him.
Kabul at that time agreed that Parcham had been totally liquidated.
Babrak Karmal is back, this time as leader of Afghanistan.
Karmal, in his fifties, is the son of a senior army officer.
Afghan politics. Under the King, Nadir Shah, he held the post of Minister which he was ousted in 1965.
About a year later he formed his Parcham faction within the PDPA. Relations between the two factions of the party - the other being the Khalq (Masses) faction — were stormy from the start. Whereas Khalq_ leaders like Hafizuliah Amin and Mohammed Taraki found their inspiration in the Communist parties of the USSR and India, Babrak Karmal was Pakistani petty-bourgeois parties such as Wali Khan's National Awami Party.
It was this political difference, rather than the personality clashes observers, that between the factions.
Great Divide In July 1973 came the Mohammed Daoud, a bourgeois figure who had been deposed as prime minister ten years earlier, came back to monarchy.
proclaimed. Arguing revolution' entered his government. This effectively split the PDPA, as the Khalq remained in clandestine opposition.
But soon Daoud decided that he had no further need for the left-wing veneer provided by the Parcham ministers. They were deposed and many were arrested. Parcham was temporarily wrecked; it was in organisational disarray, and (Khalq leaders condoning actually arrests of Khalq members by Daoud's way for within Everybody in But today Parcham leader He is a well known figure in Planning, from much closer highlighted by Western underlay the persistent feud great divide.
overthrowing the The first Republic of Afghanistan • LACE Daoud's forward, Parcham lers had hacused pariano us.
accused encouraging, the West military
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WHAT were the events in Afghanistan which led to the overthrow of Hafizullah Amin and the This is not a question that has greatly concerned the media. They have preferred to denounce Soviet 'expansionism' in order to renewed
CHARLES LISTER was in Kabul just a few weeks before the coup. Here he reports on the background to the event that has shaken the